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2	Objectives Defining computers Investigating types of computers Examining input devices Examining output devices Investigating data processing Understanding memory
3	Objectives Understanding magnetic storage devices and media Understanding optical and flash storage devices and media Exploring data communications Learning about networks Understanding system software Understanding application software
4	Defining Computers
5	Defining Computers A computer system is made up of: Hardware—the physical components Software—the programs or lists of instructions
6	Defining Computers Architecture or configuration is the design of the computer. As in, what does the computer consist of? Specification is the technical detail about each component. As in, how big is the monitor?
7	How a Computer Works The hardware, software, and you work together to complete tasks.
8	How a Computer Works The data you type into the computer is called input. The result of the computer processing your input is called output.
9	Investigating Types of Computers The categories of computers are: Personal or microcomputers Desktop Notebook, Laptop, Table PC Hand-help or PDAs Mainframes Supercomputers
10	Types of Computers
11	Types of Computers Supercomputers are the largest and fastest of computers, and can process an enormous volume of data.
12	Examining Input Devices Some input devices are: Keyboard Mouse Trackball Track point Touch pad Wireless pointer
13	Examining Output Devices Output devices Monitors and printers are common output devices. CRT monitors and LCD (or flat panel display) monitors are two types of monitors.
14	Computer Hardware Factors that influence a monitor’s quality are: Screen Size Resolution Dot Pitch
15	Types of printers
16	Computer Hardware Multimedia devices are peripheral devices that include text, graphics, sound, animation, and video. Speakers and sound cards are common multimedia output devices
17	Data vs. Information
18	Investigating Data Processing Computers interpret every signal as “on” or “off.” 1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as bits. Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a unique character.
19	Data Binary number system to define electronic data 0 or 1 Bit Byte (8 bits)
20	Coding Systems Depends on computer ASCII (7 bits) Extended ASCII (8 bits - current PCs) EBCIDIC (8 bits - older IBM machines ) Unicode (16 bits - good for languages - future)
21	Data Representation Storage and memory capacity is the amount of data the storage device can handle. Kilobyte (KB) is about one thousand bytes Megabyte (MB) is about one million bytes Gigabyte (GB) is about one billion bytes
22	Processing Hardware The two most important components of personal computers hardware are the microprocessor and memory. These two factors directly affect the computer’s price and performance.
23	System Unit
24	The Microprocessor The microprocessor is a silicon chip designed to manipulate data. Its speed is determined by: Clock speed Word size Cache size
25	Understanding Memory Computer memory is a set of storage locations on the motherboard. There are four types of memory: Random access memory (RAM) Virtual memory Read-only memory Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS)
26	Understanding Memory RAM is temporary memory that is constantly changing while the computer is on. Virtual memory is extra memory that simulates RAM if more is needed.
27	Understanding Memory Read-only memory (ROM) is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the computer uses. CMOS memory is semi-permanent information about where essential software is stored.
28	Storage Process Data copied from storage device to RAM Processed in RAM Volatile (temporary) high speed storage Data copied back to storage medium (permanent) Storing data is writing/saving file Retrieving data is reading/loading/opening file
29	Understanding Magnetic Storage Devices and Media
30	Magnetic Storage Magnetizes microscopic particles on medium surface Permanent, but modifiable Hard disk, floppy disk, zip disk and tape Read-write head Not very durable
31	Understanding Magnetic Storage Devices and Media Floppy disks or diskettes are flat circles of iron oxide-coated plastic in a hard plastic case. Floppy disks can store 1.44 MB of data. Tape drives provide inexpensive archival storage for large quantities of data.
32	Storage Devices Some common magnetic storage devices are: Floppy disks Hard disk drives Tape drives Zip drives
33	Understanding Optical and Flash Storage Devices and Media Some common optical storage devices are: CD-ROM drives DVD drives CD-R drives CD-RW drives
34	Storage Devices CD-ROMs are for “read-only” access. CD-R drives allow you to record data on a CD-R disk. CD-RW drives allow you to write data on a CD-RW disk and access and modify data.
35	Optical Storage Stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on disk surface Pits and lands Uses laser lights More durable
36	Exploring Data Communications Data Communications is the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another.
37	Data Communications Data Communications is the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another. The four essential components of data communications are: Sender Channel Receiver Protocols
38	Data Communications A sender is the computer that originates the message. The message is sent over a channel, such as a telephone. The receiver is the computer at the message’s destination. Protocols are the rules that establish the transfer of data between sender and receiver.
39	Data Bus Microcomputers have several types of ports: Parallel Serial Small computer system interface (SCSI) Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) Universal serial bus (USB)
40	Data Bus A parallel port transmits data eight bits at a time, and is often used to connect a nearby printer.
41	Data Bus A serial port transmits data one bit at a time, and often connects a mouse, keyboard, or modem. A SCSI (“scuzzy”) connection can allow many devices to use the same port, and are popular on Macs and notebooks. MIDI cards are used to record and play back musical data.
42	Data Bus Computer expansion ports
43	Data Bus USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports replace numerous connectors with one plug and port combination. The device you install must have a USB connector.
44	Learning About Networks A network connects one computer to other computers and peripherals. In a local area network (LAN), computers and peripherals are close to each other.
45	Networks A client/server network is a network with a file server. A file server acts as the central storage location. A network without a file server is a peer-to-peer network. All of the computers are equal.
46	Networks
47	Networks
48	Computer Software
49	Understanding System Software
50	Understanding System Software
51	Understanding Application Software
52	Understanding Application Software
53	Understanding Application Software
54	Understanding Application Software
55	Understanding Application Software
56	Understanding Application Software